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Types of Oil Pumps
Two kinds of oil pumps are in general use - the gear type and the rotor type. Each is usually driven from the camshaft or the crankshaft. The gear type oil pump involves two meshing gears which draw oil from the sump into the spaces between the rotating gear teeth. When the teeth come together, oil is forced out under pressure.

The rotor type oil pump has an inner and an outer rotor in one cylinder. Oil fills the space between the two rotors when drawn from the sump. As in the gear type oil pump oil is forced out under pressure to the engine.

In cold conditions, oil pressure required to push it through the small clearances in the bearings could be excesive enough to damage the pump. A pressure-relief valve is provided inside the pump to reduce pressure. The valve opens under excess pressure and leaks some of the oil back to the sump.

Crankcase ventilators also called breathers are provided to allow gases that get past the piston into the crankcase to escape. These can pollute the atmosphere, if released into the air. Modern systems ensure these are vented back into the air intake.

Two Basic Types of Oil Pumps

Gear-type pump: A pair of gears mesh with each other and revolve in a close fitting housing. Oil fed in at one side is carried out round the edge and out the outer side.

Rotor-type pump: An inner rotor meshes with the outer one which has one more lobe. Having different axes of rotation the spaces vary in size, causing oil to be drawn in and forced out.
Source November 2001

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