What are Emission Norms?
Emission norms are prescribed CO (Carbon Monoxide), HC (Hydrocarbons) and NOX (Nitrous oxide) levels set by the government which a vehicle would emit when running on roads. All the manufacturers need to implement the same for vehicles being manufactured from the date of implementation.

What are Euro Norms?
Euro norms refer to the permissible emission levels from both petrol and Diesel vehicles, which have been implemented in Europe. However in India, the government has adopted the Euro norms for available fuel quality and the method of testing. Euro-1 norms in India are known as INDIA 2000 since it will be implemented from 1/4/2000. The norms equivalent to Euro-2 are called 2005 norms but these have not yet been specified by the Indian Government.

WHAT ARE THE EURO I AND EURO II NORMS?
The Euro norms require manufacturers to reduce the existing polluting Emission Levels in a more efficient manner by making certain technical changes in their vehicles.

WHAT ARE THE EMMISION LEVELS OF THE ABOVE NORMS?

WHEN & WHERE ARE THE ABOVE EURO I AND EURO II NORMS GOING TO BE INTRODUCED?
The above EURO I NORM from 1st JUNE 1999 is applicable only in the NCR (DELHI) as per the Supreme Court Ruling and the Government Regulations and the EURO II norm will be applicable to NCR from 1st APRIL 2000 . The EURO I norm will be applicable to Mumbai from January 1, 2000 while the EURO II norm will be applicable to MUMBAI from 1st APRIL 2000.

WHAT CHANGES DO MANUFACTURERS HAVE TO MAKE IN ORDER TO MAKE EURO COMPLIANT VEHICLES?
The following changes normally will be made by manufacturers in order to have a EURO I compliant car. Typically, the following areas would require attention: (a) carburetor retuning (b) secondary air intake (c) exhaust gas recirculation (d) catalyser capacity increase (e) trimetal coating in the catalyser.

Changes for having a Euro II compliant vehicle require that the carburetor be replaced by an MPFI system i.e. a Multi-point Fuel Injection System. There are two basic types of engines, spark ignition and compression ignition engines. In the former, fuel ignition is triggered by an electric spark from a spark plug, while in the latter, atomized liquid fuel is injected with the help of a fuel pump and a nozzle into a cylinder full of hot compressed air, which results in ignition taking place. Larger cylinders which need more fuel require more than one injector, thus resulting in a multi-point fuel injection system.

WHO CERTIFIES THE MANUFACTURER?
The Automobile Research Institute (ARAI), Pune, is an independent third party assessor that issues a third party authenticity certificate guaranteeing the euro norm compliance by the manufacturer.

EURO-1 & INDIA 2000

What happens to cars currently on the road and their sale?
For vehicles currently running on Indian roads, there will be absolutely no problems or hassles for the present owners. Neither will it effect the sale of such vehicles after the enforcement of the Euro norms since a sale would just mean transfer of ownership.

The Euro Norms are in no way connected to the sale of existing cars.

Can modifications be done to meet Euro norms in present cars?
Legally it is not required to convert the car into Euro compliant.

What are the changes made to meet EURO-1 NORM?

• Carburettor retuned

• Secondary air intake

• EGR (Exhaust Gas Circulation)

• Doubling the capacity of the Catalyser

• Trimetal coating in the Catalyser

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